【呂艾肯-警察特考英文】

Police Discretion

The very nature of police work is extremely complex in today’s society. Police officers play an important role comprising of many different tasks concerning; actually enforcing the criminal law, performing order maintenance and other miscellaneous services. It is through these duties and services that police are constantly interacting with the community on a daily basis. Thus, they hold a very prominent and powerful position in society that requires them to protect these people’s morals, principles and values. And, the way in which police officers go about their duties and enforcing the law should reflect these morals, principles and values in an evolving, dynamic, and complex society (Jones, 2000; Gaines & Kappeler, 2003).

今日社會中的警務工作性質極其複雜。警方在構成許多相關不同任務中角色吃重；實在地執行刑事法規，執行社會秩序維護以及各種五花八門的服務。正是透過這些職責與服務，警方時時刻刻不斷地與社區鄰里有所交流。因此，警方在需要他們來保護民眾其倫理，原則及價值觀的社會上處於重大的地位。而且，警方職責的處理和執法應能在不斷變化、動態、複雜的社會中反映出這些道德、原則和價值觀。(Jones, 2000; Gaines & Kappeler, 2003)

l  miscellaneous  混雜的，五花八門的Go about 從事

                                     Police and Democracy

In recent years, many social protests have caused a heated debate on democracy and law enforcement/police. In fact, in a democratic society, both of them do not conflict but support each other. Democracy is defined by broad values involving participation and formal rules about procedures such as elections. For most persons these are not so close to our daily life. However, that is not true for the police, the agency of government that citizens are most likely to see and have contact with. We can say that the duties of controlling crime and contributing to public order are enforced by police in every society. (e.g., mediating disputes, regulating traffic and helping in emergencies). The importance of police also increases more and more with the diversity and size of a society. While the conditions under which police conduct, the means and the ends vary greatly between democratic and non-democratic societies.

近年來，許多的社會抗議行動引起對於民主與執法/警方的激烈辯論。事實上，在民主社會當中，這兩方彼此不是對立而是相輔。民主定義是由像選舉流程的參與及正式規訂的涉入這樣廣泛的一種價值觀。對大部分人來說，它不是那麼靠近日常的生活。但對於市民最有可能見到與接觸到的政府機構--警方，來說，這並非如此。可以這樣說，在所有社會中都是靠警方在控制犯罪並對社會秩序做出貢獻(例如: 調停爭論、調節交通和緊急協助)。隨著社會的多樣化與規模，警方的重要性也日益增加。但在民主與非民主社會中，警方執法的狀況下，其方式與結果會大大的不同。

Administrative Neutrality行政中立

In recent years, due to the functioning of democratic politics, "administrative neutrality" has become virtually the core issue/debate on the relationship between politics and administration since the dawning of democratic times, whilst western countries have devoted enormous energy to establishing and implementing administrative neutrality in all aspects of its principle, establishment and praxis. Thus, administrative neutrality is a fundamental product of democratic politics. Our government began to devote its energies to study the administrative neutrality system since 1990s, and after over a decade of endeavor, promulgated The Civil Servant Administrative Neutrality Act in May 2009 which is the first uniform law concerning the administrative neutrality of civil officials in Taiwan. The Act is not only original among other countries in the world but also a milestone in administrative neutrality for our country.

近年來，由於民主政治的運作，”行政中立”自民主時代的來臨已在政治與行政之間的關係中的核心問題/爭論，而西方國家在各個層面上已投入了大量能量來建立並實施行政中立此一原則。因此，行政中立是民主政治的基本產物。自90年代以來，政府開始投入人物力來研究行政中立體系，超過十年的努力後，在2009年5月頒布了公務人員行政中立法，這是關於台灣民間官員行政中立的第一個統一法則。該法不僅創新於世界其他國家，也是我國行政中立的一個里程碑。

1.根據統計，超速以及闖紅燈這兩種是死亡車禍的主因。

According to the statistics, speeding and running through the red light are both major causes of the fatal car accident.

2. 我們都知道，自由代表我們的言行及所為是不可傷害到任何人。 

(代表 stand for; refer to)

As we all know, freedom refers to our expression and behavior which cannot hurt/harm others.

3. 因此，養成良好的開車習慣是十分必要的。 

(養成 cultivate; 必要重要essential, critical, vital)

As a result/ Therefore, it is essential that we (should) cultivate proper driving habits.

4. 此外，飲酒過度對於身體有害。更不用說，酒後開車更是危及個人及公共的安全。

(對~有害 is harm to +N; 酒後駕車 drunken driving; 危害 endanger)

Moreover, over-/ the excess of drinking is harmful to health. It goes without saying that drunken driving even endangers the safety of individual and public.

5. 肇事逃逸以規避刑責的行為更是不可取。

(肇事逃逸 hit and run; 不可取=不適當 inappropriate)

The behavior of hit-and-run in order to avoid/evade the penalty is very inappropriate.

6. 基於民意，立法委員修改法律加重酒駕刑則以遏止此不當行為。 (不當行為 misbehavior; 遏止 deter)

Based on the public opinion/ consensus, legislators should revise the law and stiffen/enhance the penalties against drunken driving to deter the improper behavior. 

1. Some dishonest manufacturers added melamine（三聚氰胺） or cotton seed oil into ______ food or edible    

   oil, which caused some organs failures.

  (A) poisonous        (B) tainted/contaminated     (C) junkie               (D) flavoring

2. Thousands of citizens and students rally to siege the Legislative Yuan, _______ against the cross-strait service trade pact.

(A) frightening            (B) striking            (C) protesting             (D) opposing

3. An unmade but _______ source told BBC News that several high-ranking officers were involved in the power abuse scandal.

 (A) sociable               (B) resistant                  (C) reliable               (D) inconsistent

4. There are four national roads that impose a _________ on each vehicle using them.

   (A) riot                    (B) rite                         (C) toll                         (D) theft