II.
A new form of identification relies on DNA, which carries the genetic information of each person. Everyone’s DNA is different except for identical twins. DNA profiling or typing is sometimes called DNA fingerprinting because it allows police to identify an individual in the same way as fingerprints do. DNA can be extracted from any body fluid or from fragments of a body.
Forensic scientists do not look at the whole of a person’s DNA sequence, but rather a sub-set of a DNA profile. DNA profiles are a very powerful means of determining whether two or more samples may or may not have come from the same person. If DNA profiles do not match, they came from different people. However, if they do match, there is still a very slight chance that they may have come from different people.
DNA is the same in every cell of the body, and stays the same throughout life. As such, DNA profiles taken at different times and places can be compared in order to determine whether or not they come from the same person. (excerpted from Professional Police English by Central Police University Press, 2011)
47. The article is about _____________.
(A) what DNA is (B) how to make DNA
(C) where to store DNA (D) why fights DNA in the lab
(E) when to extract DNA
48. What’s closest meaning to the word “means” in the second paragraph?
(A) direction (B) construction (C) method (D) threat (E) area
49. What’s NOT an example of extracting DNA from body fluid?
(A) blood (B) flesh (C) saliva (D) sweat (E) nasal mucus
50. Which statement is true?
(A) DNA typing is different from fingerprinting.
(B) Forensic scientists have to look at the whole set of a person’s DNA sequence.
(C) DNA is the same in every cell of the body, but doesn’t stay the same throughout life.
(D) Everyone’s DNA is different except for identical twins.
(E) One person’s DNA can only be taken at a specific time.
一種仰賴於DNA的全新辨別方式，DNA帶有每個人的遺傳信息。除了同卵雙胞胎外，每個人的DNA都不相同。 DNA分型或種類有時也被稱為DNA指紋分析，因為它讓警方以如同指紋方式來識別一個人的身份。 DNA可從任何體液或身體的膚屑中提取出。
鑑識科學家察看的不是一個人完整的DNA序列，而是一個DNA圖譜的分支。DNA圖譜是種有力的工具以判定是否兩個或兩個以上的樣本可能或可能不是來自同一個人。如果DNA圖譜無法相符，DNA樣本是來自不同的人。但是，如果它們相符，仍有極微的機會，他們可能是來自不同的人。
身體裡每一個細胞中的DNA都是一樣的，並且從頭到尾一輩子都保持相同。也因此，在不同的時機和地點所採集到的DNA圖譜能進行比較，以確定是否來自同一人。
l DNA profiling is also called DNA testing, DNA typing, or genetic/DNA fingerprinting.
47 這篇文章是關於_____________。
（A）什麼是DNA （B）如何製作DNA
（C）何處保存DNA （D）為何在實驗室爭論DNA
（E）何時提取DNA
48 何者最接近第二段”工具;手段”這個字的意思？
（A）方向 （B）建造 （C）方法 （D）威脅（E）區域
49 哪一項非從體液提取DNA的例子？
（A）血液 （B）肌肉 （C）唾液 （D）汗水 （E）鼻涕
50 哪種說法為真？
（A）DNA種類不同於指紋。
（B）鑑識科學家端看一個人整組的DNA序列。
（C）在身體的每一個細胞中的DNA都是一樣的，但不會一輩子都維持相同的狀態。
（D）除了雙胞胎外，每個人的DNA都不相同。
（E）一個人的DNA只能在某個特定的時間提取。
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